In order to upload your code to your arduino, you have to know its USB port address.

You can get the port using arduino-cli.

arduino-cli board list
Port         Type              Board Name              FQBN                 Core
/dev/ttyACM1 Serial Port (USB) Arduino/Genuino MKR1000 arduino:samd:mkr1000 arduino:samd

So you know that your arduino is available through /dev/ttyACM1

Then you can upload your code to your arduino using retrieved port.

arduino-cli upload --port /dev/ttyACM1

But if you change the USB port, the address change, so it can be a bit painful to fetch the port, modify the upload command accordingly. That's why I've used a Makefile and .env file to do it for me.

# .env
ARDUINO_PORT=$(
  arduino-cli board list --format json \
    | jq -r '.[] | if has("matching_boards") then .port.address else null end | values' \
)

I'm using jq to filter the data I want from the output and store it in a variable.

Then I'm sourcing that file in the Makefile instructions to make the variable available for the next commands.

# Makefile
compile:
    @arduino-cli compile --profile dev

upload: compile
    @source .env; \
    arduino-cli upload --profile dev --port $$ARDUINO_PORT

monitor:
    @source .env; \
    arduino-cli monitor --port $$ARDUINO_PORT

Now you can just do make upload to upload the code to your arduino without having to know its USB port address.